The concepts of causal inference in experiments and observational studies are introduced using the elementary mathematics of independent coin flips to determine treatment assignment The basic tools of multivariate matching – such as propensity scores, optimal matching, full matching, fine balance, risk set matching – are introduced with many examples and with reference to...
An introductory chapter on lattice spin models is useful as a background for other lectures of the collection. The topics include new results on phase transitions for gradient lattice models (with introduction to the techniques of the reflection positivity), stochastic geometry reformulation of classical and quantum Ising models, the localization/delocalization transition for directed polymers....